Mining & Mineral Exploration 

Geophysics, as an advanced and innovative field of study, holds immense potential for the detection of metallic objects in mining ore dumps, which can cause disruptions and damage to plant infrastructure. Four primary techniques used in the discipline—Frequency Domain Electromagnetics (FDEM), magnetics, gravity, and Time Domain Electromagnetics (TDEM)—provide unique advantages in the exploration and excavation process. These technologies collectively enhance the efficiency and accuracy of identifying location of metallic objects within ore dumps, thereby unlocking the full potential of these resources.

In the sphere of brownfields exploration, geophysics has carved out a niche as a vital tool that not only broadens the scope of resource discovery within existing mining operations but also significantly extends the mines’ operational lifespan. Advanced geophysical methods, including Frequency Domain Electromagnetics (FDEM), magnetics, gravity, Time Domain Electromagnetics (TDEM), Induced Polarisation (IP), and Audio-frequency Magnetotellurics (AMT) have proven effective in this regard. By sensing variations and anomalies in geological structures, these methodologies facilitate the identification of previously unrecognised or unreachable deposits within the already established mining infrastructure. This subsequently amplifies the possibility of extending resource reserves, thereby prolonging the mine’s productivity. As a result, the application of these geophysical technologies to brownfields exploration promotes a more efficient and economical strategy for mineral extraction, thus reinforcing the sustained profitability and lifespan of mining ventures.

The application of geophysics in exploration is multifaceted, integrating a variety of methods such as gravity, magnetics, electromagnetics, IP (Induced Polarisation) and Magnetotellurics/Audio-frequency Magnetotellurics (MT/AMT) for the direct detection of mineral deposits and comprehensive structural mapping. These technologies can discern subtle variations in density, magnetism, electrical properties, and resistivity in the subsurface, enabling the precise localization and characterization of mineral bodies. Moreover, IP, MT/AMT’s deep penetration capabilities make it particularly useful for investigating regions under thick overburden or deep cover. Beyond direct detection, geophysical methods also play a critical role in indirect detection by refining geological models. By providing detailed geophysical data, these techniques facilitate a more comprehensive understanding of subsurface geological structures and anomalies, thereby enhancing the predictive capability of geological models. This dual approach of direct and indirect detection leads to more efficient and precise identification of mineral deposits, particularly in areas obscured by deep cover, thus advancing the exploration process.